Django: модели, админка и представления

$ python -m venv .venv
$ source .venv/bin/activate          # Windows PowerShell: .venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1
$ python -m pip install "Django==6.1.2"
$ python -m django --version
6.1.2
$ django-admin startproject config services_site
$ cd services_site
$ python manage.py startapp catalog

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'catalog.apps.CatalogConfig',
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
]

# ...

TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Almaty'

from django.core.validators import RegexValidator
from django.db import models
from django.urls import reverse

phone_validator = RegexValidator(
    regex=r"^\+?\d{10,15}$",
    message="Enter 10–15 digits, optionally starting with +, e.g. +77011234567.",
)


class Service(models.Model):
    class Category(models.TextChoices):
        WEB = "web", "Websites"
        MOBILE = "mobile", "Mobile apps"
        AUTOMATION = "automation", "Automation"

    title = models.CharField(max_length=120)
    slug = models.SlugField(unique=True)
    category = models.CharField(max_length=20, choices=Category.choices)
    summary = models.CharField(max_length=255)
    description = models.TextField(blank=True)
    is_published = models.BooleanField(default=False)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    class Meta:
        ordering = ["title"]

    def __str__(self):
        return self.title

    def get_absolute_url(self):
        return reverse("catalog:service_detail", args=[self.slug])


class Inquiry(models.Model):
    service = models.ForeignKey(Service, on_delete=models.CASCADE, related_name="inquiries")
    name = models.CharField(max_length=80)
    phone = models.CharField(max_length=16, validators=[phone_validator])
    message = models.TextField(blank=True)
    created_at = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)

    class Meta:
        ordering = ["-created_at"]
        verbose_name_plural = "inquiries"

    def __str__(self):
        return f"{self.name} — {self.service}"

$ python manage.py makemigrations catalog
Migrations for 'catalog':
  catalog/migrations/0001_initial.py
    + Create model Service
    + Create model Inquiry

$ python manage.py sqlmigrate catalog 0001
BEGIN;
--
-- Create model Service
--
CREATE TABLE "catalog_service" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "title" varchar(120) NOT NULL, "slug" varchar(50) NOT NULL UNIQUE, "category" varchar(20) NOT NULL, "summary" varchar(255) NOT NULL, "description" text NOT NULL, "is_published" bool NOT NULL, "created_at" datetime NOT NULL);
--
-- Create model Inquiry
--
CREATE TABLE "catalog_inquiry" ("id" integer NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT, "name" varchar(80) NOT NULL, "phone" varchar(16) NOT NULL, "message" text NOT NULL, "created_at" datetime NOT NULL, "service_id" bigint NOT NULL REFERENCES "catalog_service" ("id") DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED);
CREATE INDEX "catalog_inquiry_service_id_41ee89bc" ON "catalog_inquiry" ("service_id");
COMMIT;

$ python manage.py migrate
Operations to perform:
  Apply all migrations: admin, auth, catalog, contenttypes, sessions
Running migrations:
  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK
  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK
  …
  Applying catalog.0001_initial... OK
  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

from django.contrib import admin

from .models import Inquiry, Service


@admin.register(Service)
class ServiceAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ["title", "category", "is_published", "created_at"]
    list_editable = ["is_published"]
    list_filter = ["category", "is_published"]
    search_fields = ["title", "summary"]
    prepopulated_fields = {"slug": ["title"]}


@admin.register(Inquiry)
class InquiryAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ["name", "phone", "service", "created_at"]
    list_filter = ["service"]
    search_fields = ["name", "phone"]
    readonly_fields = ["created_at"]

python manage.py createsuperuser
python manage.py runserver

from django import forms

from .models import Inquiry


class InquiryForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Inquiry
        fields = ["name", "phone", "message"]

$ curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}\n" -X POST -d "name=Aigerim&phone=%2B77011234567" http://127.0.0.1:8000/services/corporate-website/
403

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import include, path

urlpatterns = [
    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
    path("services/", include("catalog.urls")),
]

from django.urls import path

from . import views

app_name = "catalog"

urlpatterns = [
    path("", views.service_list, name="service_list"),
    path("api/services/", views.service_list_json, name="service_list_json"),
    path("<slug:slug>/", views.service_detail, name="service_detail"),
]

from django.contrib import messages
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import get_object_or_404, redirect, render

from .forms import InquiryForm
from .models import Service


def service_list(request):
    services = Service.objects.filter(is_published=True)
    return render(request, "catalog/service_list.html", {"services": services})


def service_detail(request, slug):
    service = get_object_or_404(Service, slug=slug, is_published=True)
    if request.method == "POST":
        form = InquiryForm(request.POST)
        if form.is_valid():
            inquiry = form.save(commit=False)
            inquiry.service = service
            inquiry.save()
            messages.success(request, "Thank you! We will call you back.")
            return redirect(service)
    else:
        form = InquiryForm()
    return render(request, "catalog/service_detail.html", {"service": service, "form": form})


def service_list_json(request):
    services = Service.objects.filter(is_published=True).values("title", "slug", "category", "summary")
    return JsonResponse({"services": list(services)})

<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
  <meta charset="utf-8">
  <title>{% block title %}Services{% endblock %}</title>
</head>
<body>
  {% for message in messages %}
    <p role="status">{{ message }}</p>
  {% endfor %}
  {% block content %}{% endblock %}
</body>
</html>

{% extends "catalog/base.html" %}

{% block content %}
  <h1>Our services</h1>
  <ul>
    {% for service in services %}
      <li>
        <a href="{{ service.get_absolute_url }}">{{ service.title }}</a>
        — {{ service.get_category_display }}: {{ service.summary }}
      </li>
    {% empty %}
      <li>No services published yet.</li>
    {% endfor %}
  </ul>
{% endblock %}

{% extends "catalog/base.html" %}

{% block title %}{{ service.title }}{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
  <h1>{{ service.title }}</h1>
  <p>{{ service.summary }}</p>
  {{ service.description|linebreaks }}

  <h2>Request a call</h2>
  <form method="post">
    {% csrf_token %}
    {{ form.as_div }}
    <button type="submit">Send</button>
  </form>
  <p><a href="{% url 'catalog:service_list' %}">All services</a></p>
{% endblock %}

$ python manage.py runserver
Watching for file changes with StatReloader
Performing system checks...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
October 11, 2026 - 17:20:59
Django version 6.1.2, using settings 'config.settings'
Starting WSGI development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/
Quit the server with CTRL-BREAK.

WARNING: This is a development server. Do not use it in a production setting. Use a production WSGI or ASGI server instead.

$ curl -s http://127.0.0.1:8000/services/api/services/ | python -m json.tool
{
    "services": [
        {
            "title": "CRM integration",
            "slug": "crm-integration",
            "category": "automation",
            "summary": "Leads from the site go straight to the CRM"
        },
        {
            "title": "Corporate website",
            "slug": "corporate-website",
            "category": "web",
            "summary": "A multi-page site with a CMS"
        }
    ]
}

from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model
from django.test import TestCase
from django.urls import reverse

from .models import Inquiry, Service


class CatalogTests(TestCase):
    @classmethod
    def setUpTestData(cls):
        cls.website = Service.objects.create(
            title="Corporate website",
            slug="corporate-website",
            category=Service.Category.WEB,
            summary="A multi-page site with a CMS",
            is_published=True,
        )
        cls.draft = Service.objects.create(
            title="Secret draft",
            slug="secret-draft",
            category=Service.Category.AUTOMATION,
            summary="Not ready yet",
        )

    def test_str_and_absolute_url(self):
        self.assertEqual(str(self.website), "Corporate website")
        self.assertEqual(self.website.get_absolute_url(), "/services/corporate-website/")

    def test_list_shows_only_published_services(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse("catalog:service_list"))
        self.assertContains(response, "Corporate website")
        self.assertNotContains(response, "Secret draft")

    def test_draft_detail_returns_404(self):
        response = self.client.get(self.draft.get_absolute_url())
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)

    def test_valid_inquiry_is_saved_and_redirects(self):
        url = self.website.get_absolute_url()
        response = self.client.post(url, {"name": "Aigerim", "phone": "+77011234567"}, follow=True)
        self.assertRedirects(response, url)
        self.assertContains(response, "Thank you!")
        inquiry = Inquiry.objects.get()
        self.assertEqual(inquiry.service, self.website)

    def test_invalid_phone_shows_error_and_saves_nothing(self):
        response = self.client.post(self.website.get_absolute_url(), {"name": "Aigerim", "phone": "call me"})
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertFormError(response.context["form"], "phone", "Enter 10–15 digits, optionally starting with +, e.g. +77011234567.")
        self.assertEqual(Inquiry.objects.count(), 0)

    def test_json_endpoint_lists_published_services(self):
        response = self.client.get(reverse("catalog:service_list_json"))
        self.assertEqual(response["Content-Type"], "application/json")
        self.assertEqual(
            response.json(),
            {"services": [{"title": "Corporate website", "slug": "corporate-website", "category": "web", "summary": "A multi-page site with a CMS"}]},
        )

    def test_admin_changelist_opens_for_superuser(self):
        admin_user = get_user_model().objects.create_superuser("admin", "admin@example.com", "test-pass-123")
        self.client.force_login(admin_user)
        response = self.client.get(reverse("admin:catalog_service_changelist"))
        self.assertContains(response, "Corporate website")

$ python manage.py test
Found 7 test(s).
Creating test database for alias 'default'...

System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
.......
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 7 tests in 0.484s

OK
Destroying test database for alias 'default'...